CAM

CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) is the step between the drawing and the machine. The programmer imports the model (usually STEP), defines workholding, picks tools and cutting strategies, and the software computes the toolpaths. A post-processor translates those paths into the G-code dialect of the specific machine control.

How it works

Strategies vary by operation: adaptive roughing (removes lots of material with constant tool load), wall and floor finishing, drilling and tapping, plus turning and 5-axis operations. Simulation shows collisions and remaining stock before anything reaches the machine. A good CAM program cuts cycle time, tool wear and prove-out time at the machine.

Practical example

A mold cavity that took 3 h 40 min with conventional roughing dropped to 2 h 15 min with adaptive roughing and a larger carbide tool. CAM simulation also showed a clamp colliding on the last finishing pass, avoiding a crash on the machine.

Common mistakes

• Using the wrong post-processor for the control, causing alarms or unexpected moves.
• Trusting simulator time without accounting for part changes and checks.
• Programming without knowing the actual workholding used on the floor.