FDM
Also called: FFF · Fused Deposition Modeling · Filament 3D printing
FDM is 3D printing that lays down melted plastic filament layer by layer. Cheap and fast for prototypes, jigs and functional parts.
FDM (fused deposition modeling, also called FFF) is the most widespread 3D printing process: a heated nozzle melts a thermoplastic filament and draws each layer of the part on top of the previous one. Materials range from PLA (visual prototypes) to PETG, ABS, ASA, nylon and carbon-fiber composites for working parts.
How it works
Strength depends heavily on orientation: the part is weaker between layers (Z axis) than along them. Layer height, wall count and infill set the balance between time, weight and strength. Holes and fits usually need a few tenths of compensation, and unsupported overhangs need supports that leave marks. Well designed, an FDM part replaces machining for jigs, assembly fixtures and guards.
Practical example
An assembly line used a machined aluminum jig to place labels, with a high cost and two-week lead time. Printed in PETG by FDM, the jig came out in one day, with pockets shaped exactly like the product, and each revision costs a fraction of the original.
Common mistakes
- Printing with layers aligned to the main load.
- Drawing holes at nominal size with no compensation.
- Using PLA on parts exposed to heat or sunlight.
FAQ
Is FDM good for end-use parts?
For jigs, fixtures, guards and small batches, yes, with the right material. For cosmetic parts or fine detail, SLA or SLS are usually better.
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